PART
ONE: EXPLORATION APPROACHES AND CONSIDERATIONS
- CHAPTER
1: OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY STATISTICS
- Introduction
- Hydrocarbon
reserves in carbonates
- History
and method of carbonate discoveries
- Field
size distribution
- Tectonic
setting
- Bally-Snelson
classification
- Klemme
classification
- Reservoir
age
- Reservoir
lithology
- Burial
depth
- Fluid
type
- CHAPTER
2: HYDROCARBON SYSTEMS IN CARBONATES
- Introduction
- General
trend in depositional facies
- Rimmed
carbonate shelf
- Nearshore
system
- Platform
interior system
- Platform
margin system
- Platform
slope system
- Basinal
system
- Isolated
carbonate bank/platform
- Carbonate
ramp
- Sequence
stratigraphy
- Lowstand
conditions
- Transgressive
conditions
- Highstand
conditions
- Major
facies types in the database
- General
trend in diagenesis and porosity
- Porosity
enhancement processes
- Dissolution
- Dolomitization
- Chalkification
- Fracturing
- Porosity
destructive processes
- Porosity
retention processes
- Major
pore types in the database
- Practical
distinction of carbonate reservoirs
- General
trend in source rocks
- Total
organic carbon (TOC)
- Source
rock age and lithology
- Source
rock depositional environment
- Controls
on the occurence of source
rock
- Depositional
controls
- Preservation
potential
- General
trend in seals
- Seal
lithology
- Seal
depositional environment
- Top
seal integrity
- Fault
seal
- Trapping
mechanism
- Structural
trap
- Stratigraphic
trap
- Combination
trap
- Major
types of carbonate play
- Carbonate
sand play
- Organic
buildup play
- Muddy
dolomite/chalky limestone
play
- Primary
chalk play
- Unconformity
and megakarst play
- Late
burial diagenesis play
- CHAPTER
3: CARBONATE SAND PLAYS
- Definition
- Types
- Tectonic
setting
- Exploration
histories
- Pre-discovery
concepts
- Testing
and completion practices
- Reservoir
characteristics
- Stratigraphic
trends
- Depositional
patterns and reservoir geometries
- Diagenetic
patterns
- Patterns
of porosity and permeability
- Reservoir
zones and heterogeneity
- Source
rock characteristics
- Trapping
configuration
- Approaches
and strategies
- CHAPTER
4: ORGANIC BUILDUP PLAYS
- Definition
- Types
- Tectonic
setting
- Exploration
histories
- Pre-discovery
concepts
- Evolution
of concepts
- Testing
and completion practices
- Reservoir
characteristics
- Stratigraphic
and depositional patterns
- Diagenetic
trends and porosity types
- Porosity
and permeability trends
- Reservoir
zones and heterogeneity
- Source
rock characteristics
- Trapping
configuration
- Approaches
and strategies
- CHAPTER
5: MUDDY DOLOMITE/CHALKY LIMESTONE
PLAYS
- Definition
- Types
- Tectonic
setting
- Exploration
histories
- Pre-discovery
concepts
- Evolution
of concepts
- Testing
and completion practices
- Reservoir
characteristics for muddy dolomite
plays
- Stratigraphic
and depositional patterns
- Diagenetic
trends and porosity types
- Porosity
and permeability patterns
- Reservoir
geometry and heterogeneity
- Reservoir
characteristics for chalky limestone
plays
- Stratigraphic
and depositional patterns
- Origin
of chalky microporosity
- Other
diagenetic patterns
- Porosity
and permeability trends
- Source
rock characteristics
- Trapping
configuration
- Approaches
and strategies
- CHAPTER
6: PRIMARY CHALK PLAYS
- Definition
and types
- Tectonic
setting
- Exploration
histories
- Reservoir
characteristics
- Stratigraphic
and depositional patterns
- Diagenetic
trends
- Porosity
and permeability trends
- Reservoir
geometry and heterogeneity
- Source
rock characteristics
- Trapping
configuration
- Approaches
and strategies
- CHAPTER
7: UNCONFORMITY AND MEGAKARST PLAYS
- Definition
- Main
types of unconformity/megakarst
plays
- Buried-hill
megakarst
- Plateau
megakarst
- Buildup
megakarst
- Detrital
carbonate wedges above unconformity
- Tectonic
setting
- Exploration
histories
- Pre-discovery
concepts
- Evolution
of concepts
- Testing
and completion practices
- Reservoir
characteristics
- Depositional
patterns
- Diagenetic
patterns
- Reservoir
geometries and trends
- Buried-hill
megakarst reservoir
- Plateau
megakarst reservoir
- Buildup
megakarst reservoir
- Detrital
wedge megakarst reservoir
- Types
and patterns of porosity and
permeability
- Reservoir
zones and heterogeneity
- Buried-hill
megakarst reservoir
- Plateau
megakarst reservoir
- Buildup
megakarst reservoir
- Detrital
wedge megakarst reservoir
- Source
rock characteristics
- Trapping
configuration
- Basics
of petroleum system
- Approaches
and strategies
- CHAPTER
8: LATE BURIAL DIAGENESIS PLAYS
- Definition
- Main
types of late burial diagenetic
plays
- Burial
dolomitization and/or corrosion
- Tectonic
fracturing
- Tectonic
setting
- Exploration
histories
- Pre-discovery
concepts
- Testing
and completion practices
- Reservoir
characteristics
- Depositional
and diagenetic patterns
- Reservoir
geometries and trends
- Types
and patterns of porosity and
permeability
- Reservoir
zones and heterogeneity
- Fracture
patterns and trends
- Source
rock characteristics
- Trapping
configuration
- Basics
of petroleum system
- Approaches
and strategies
PART
TWO: DEVELOPMENT APPROACHES AND CONSIDERATIONS
- CHAPTER
9: PRODUCTION PATTERNS IN CARBONATE
RESERVOIRS
- Introduction
- Pore
systems in carbonate reservoirs
- Reservoir
with insignificant chalky
microporosity
- Reservoir
with significant chalky microporosity
- Net/gross
ratio curves for different grain
types
- Drive
mechanism
- Enhanced
oil recovery technique
- Recovery
factor
- General
controls on recovery efficiency
- Reservoir
classification based on field
performance
- Heavy
and viscous oil reservoirs
- Normal
API gravity and viscosity
oil reservoirs
- Fractured
and/or megakarstic reservoirs
- Microporous
carbonate reservoirs
- Conventional
carbonate reservoirs
- Reefal
buildup reservoirs
- Gas/condensate
reservoirs
- Basis
and methodology for statistical
analysis
- Appendix
- CHAPTER
10: HEAVY AND VISCOUS OIL PRODUCTION
- Generalization
and summary statistics
- Reservoir
quality and heterogeneity
- Reservoir
performance and EOR technique
- Controls
on recovery efficiency
- Approaches
and strategies
- Appendix
- CHAPTER
11: FRACTURED AND/OR MEGAKARSTIC OIL
PRODUCTION
- Generalization
and summary statistics
- Reservoir
quality and heterogeneity
- Reservoir
with poor matrix permeability
- Reservoir
with good matrix permeability
- Reservoir
performance and EOR technique
- Water
drive only
- Water
drive supplemented by solution
gas or gas cap
- Solution
gas drive
- Gravity
drainage drive
- Controls
on recovery efficiency
- Approaches
and strategies
- Appendix
- CHAPTER
12: MICROPOROUS CARBONATE OIL PRODUCTION
- Generalization
and summary statistics
- Reservoir
quality and heterogeneity
- Primary
chalk
- Secondary
diagenetic chalk
- Reservoir
performance and EOR technique
- Microporous
reservoir in North Sea
- Microporous
reservoir in Middle East
- Microporous
reservoir in USA and Canada
- Controls
on recovery efficiency
- Approaches
and strategies
- Appendix
- CHAPTER
13: CONVENTIONAL CARBONATE OIL PRODUCTION
- Generalization
and summary statistics
- Reservoir
quality and heterogeneity
- Carbonate
sand
- Muddy
dolomite
- Mud-rich
skeletal bank/mound
- Reservoir
performance and EOR technique
- Water
drive as the main producing
mechanism
- Solution
gas drive as the main producing
mechanism
- Water
plus gas cap expansion drive
- Mixed
water, gas and gravity drainage
drive
- Controls
on recovery efficiency
- Approaches
and strategies
- Appendix
- CHAPTER
14: REEFAL BUILDUP OIL PRODUCTION
- Generalization
and summary statistics
- Reservoir
quality and heterogeneity
- Pinnacle
reef
- Reef
mound
- Phylloid
algal mound
- Rudist
mound
- Coral-algal-foraminiferal
mound
- Grain-rich
skeletal bank
- Reservoir
performance and EOR technique
- Solution
gas/fluid expansion drive
- Waterflood
performance
- Gas
injection performance
- Hydrocarbon
miscible flood performance
- Water
drive
- Controls
on recovery efficiency
- Approaches
and strategies
- Appendix
- CHAPTER
15: GAS/CONDENSATE PRODUCTION
- Generalization
and summary statistics
- Reservoir
quality and heterogeneity
- Reservoir
performance and EOR technique
- Depletion
drive only
- Sour
gas and condensate
- Dry
gas
- Depletion
drive supplemented by water
- Controls
on recovery efficiency
- Approaches
and strategies
- Appendix
- ENCLOSURES
- Enclosure
1.1 - Index map of the 202 carbonate
fields in the database with operators
indicated
- Enclosure
1.2 - Map of the world showing
discovery year for 202 carbonate
fields
- Enclosure
1.3 - Discovery dates of carbonate
fields by play type
- Enclosure
1.4 - Map of the world showing
distribution of the 202 carbonate
fields according to the Bally
basin classification
- Enclosure
1.5 - Map of the world showing
distribution of the 202 carbonate
fields according to the Klemme
basin classification
- Enclosure
1.6 - Map of the world showing
reservoir age of the 202 carbonate
fields
- Enclosure
1.7 - Map of the world showing
distribution of the 202 carbonate
fields based on burial depth to
fluid contact
- Enclosure
1.8 - Map of the world showing
distribution of the 202 carbonate
fields based on fluid type and
original in-place reserves
- Enclosure
2.1 - Reservoir classification
based on facies and diagenesis
for the 202 carbonate fields in
the database
- Enclosure
2.2 - Stratigraphic cross-sections
showing the age and reservoir
type of carbonate fields in the
database
- Enclosure
2.3 - Age and lithology of source
rocks for the 202 carbonate fields
in the database
- Enclosure
2.4 - Seal lithology for the 202
carbonate fields in the database
- Enclosure
2.5 - Diagrammatic sections showing
the trap-forming mechanisms and
field examples
- Enclosure
2.6 - Map of the world showing
the distribution of carbonate
fields in the database according
to trapping mechanism
- Enclosure
9.1 - Map of the world showing
the distribution of carbonate
fields in the database according
to drive mechanism
- Enclosure
9.2 - Map of the world showing
the distribution of carbonate
fields in the database according
to EOR techniques
- Enclosure
9.3 - Map of the world showing
the distribution of carbonate
fields in the database according
to fluid type and recovery factor
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